Bruno

1. Impressionism

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The **impressionist movement in music** was a movement in European [|classical music], mainly in France, that began in the late nineteenth century and continued into the middle of the twentieth century. Like its precursor in the visual arts, musical [|Impressionism] focused on suggestion and atmosphere rather than strong emotion or the depiction of a story as in [|program music]. Musical Impressionism occurred as a reaction to the excesses of the [|Romantic era]. While this era was characterized by a dramatic use of the [|major] and [|minor] scale system, Impressionist music tends to make more use of [|dissonance] and more uncommon scales such as the [|whole tone scale]. Romantic composers also used long forms of music such as the [|symphony] and [|concerto], while Impressionist composers favored short forms such as the [|nocturne], [|arabesque], and [|prelude].======

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Musical Impressionism was based in [|France], and the French composers [|Claude Debussy] and [|Maurice Ravel][|painters] in the genre are. Debussy renounced it, saying, "I am trying to do 'something different' – in a way realities – what the imbeciles call 'impressionism' is a term which is as poorly used as possible, particularly by art critics."[|[1]] [|Maurice Ravel] composed many other pieces that aren't identified as Impressionist. Nonetheless, the term is widely used today to describe the music seen as a reaction to 19th century Romanticism.======

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Many musical instructions in "impressionist" pieces are written in [|French], as opposed to the traditional [|Italian].======

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Impressionism also gained a foothold in England, where its traits were assimilated by composers such as [|Ralph Vaughan Williams], [|Arnold Bax], and [|Frederick Delius]. Vaughan Williams in particular exhibited music infused with Impressionistic gestures--this was not coincidence, as he was a student of Maurice Ravel. Vaughan Williams' music utilizes melodies and harmonies found in English [|folk music], such as the [|pentatonic scale] and [|modes], making it perfectly suited to the polarity-breaking ideals of the Impressionist movement, which began moving away from the Major-minor based tonality of the Romantic composers.======

 2. Art in the Impressionism in general 3.Monet 4.Renoir 5.Pissarro 6. Music in the Impressionism in general 7.Debussy 8.Ravel 9.Vaughan Williams 10.Delius