Hallvard

 Impressionism Impressionism in the early start were artists rebelling against the old art style and making new ones with new ideas and ideals to show and prove. Impressionism was somewhat the switch between the old art into what we today know as Modern art. Before Impressionism there was a school in France called the Royal academy of Art which took in the most talented artists in the country/world to improve their skills, in that time it was normal to paint historical subjects while landscape and still life were less interesting, but a group of known as  Barbizon   artists started turning to nature and painting in nature instead of studios. Artists like Thè  odore   Rousseau and Camille Corot started painting forest, villages and field scenes which later influenced the younger generation wanting to also draw this, these people were known as the impressionists. The battle was to get the paintings into the  anual   salon which was a great art exhibition, but the salon juries were more traditional and often rejected the Impressionist drawings of nature, this the impressionists got angry about and accused them for not treating them fairly. To help the New paintings emperor Napoleon 3rd made an exhibition called Salon  des   Refus   ès, which showed works rejected by the official annual salon, here were many works associated with impressionist works. This was not enough for the new style so they chose to show their works with out the governments  acceptance   in the studio of the photographer   Nadar   this first happened and the name was created about at the same time. The word Impressionism was inspired by the painting Impression, Sunrise. This name was first meant as a rude word, but got soon used as the word for all paintings in this style. The impressionism manly were paintings about landscape scenes, but were also known for scenes about urban subject meter and various forms of recreation, including boating and strolling along rivers and across bridges. The artists were also influenced by the Japanese, who were painting pictures with asymmetry. Art in the Impressionism in general The art of the impressionist painters were against the traditional French painting which was academic painting and romanticism and were more into the painting of  outdoor   subjects especially landscape pictures. The impressionism was in the start a protest against the French painting tradition and also made the paintings seen by some people as bad, only made for protests; even his name impressionism was meant to be an insult against the art. The name Impressionism stayed though because the  sympatric   people used the word to   referee   to the impression the painter had got when painting it. The impressionist painters were in the start working together to create and protect their art, but as the art was more excepted in the society the artists started seeing each other as rivals. Today modern painting is highly influenced by impressionist painting in colour range, brushwork and approach of nature. Monet Claude Monet was one of the main persons in the  impressionist   movement which was against the traditional French painting in the later 19   th   century. Monet was himself a known painter  constantly   painting in the   impressionist   style, themes like landscape and leisure   activities   of Paris. Monet was born in Paris, but at a young age he moved to Normandy. There he was introduced to plain air painting by  Eug   è   ne   Boudin   and also was studying a bit with   Duch   landscapist   Johan   Jongkind. When Monet became twenty two years old he joined the Paris studio of the academic history painter Charles  Gleyre. Here he got class mate like Auguste  Renori  , Frèdè   ric   Bazille   and other people who would become   impressionists. Monet had in his early years a pretty good success in painting with themes like landscape, seascape and  portraits   which   were accepted by the annual salons, but some of his better works were not accepted with the meaning they were not traditional enough, this inspired or triggered him to join other painters in establishing their own   exhibition   in 1874. His painting Impression sunrise, a painting which for many was seen as an unfinished work gave them the name impressionists which is the art style today, but at this time the word was used  negative. Monet often was drawing what was in his close surroundings, painting people and places he knew very good, this made both his  wifes   Camille and Alice frequent used models in his paintings. He also painted unknown  landscape   paintings through his   jury   around the north of France and London. When he returned to France after his trip he moved to four destinations, first  Argenteuil   then Vè   theuil   then   Poissly   and finally   Giverny   in 1883. His houses and gardens became  gathering   places for his friends to paint together (Maybe he moved so much because he was sick of drawing the same scene over and over again =P) Monet was inspired by the  Barbizon   painters to draw landscape paintings, but unlike the   Babizon   painters Monet had   developed   his own   technique   to capture nature. Instead of drawing only sketches of his planed scene he took along big  canvases   outside and started painting only going into his studio to rework and   complete   the painting. He saw this as his quest, to capture nature as good as  possible. His painting was influenced by the  Japanese   woodblock painting where   asymmetry   was used instead of 3d modelling. unmediated colours and using light collared primes on his canvases were also two key elements in  Monet’s   paintings. Renoir Pierre Auguste  Renori   was born in Limoges located in   France  , he was a child of a working class family. As a young boy he worked in a porcelain factory where his skills in drawing lead him to be  chosen   to draw the patterns and decoration on the fine china, he also painted hangings for overseas missionaries and decorated fans. In 1962 he started studying art from the teacher Charles  Gleyer  , here he also meet known impressionists like Alfred   Sisley   , Frèdè   ric   Bazille   and Claude Monet. Unlike Monet,  Renori   sometimes during the 1860s   didn   't have enough money to buy himself paint, this in part due to the Franco-Prussian War. In 1874 a ten year friend ship with Jules Le  Coeur   ended, this lead to him losing   valuable   support gained by the association and the welcome to stay at their house and his favourite painting theme, when loosing this, it resulted to him changing his painting subjects. The same year the impressionist  exhibition   was held where six of his paintings were shown and at the same two of his works were also shown in London, he as finally getting   known. In 1881 he started a trip around Europe to see paintings drawn by famous painters like Raphael and Diego  Vel   á   zquez. In 1882  Renori   meat the composer Richard   Wagener   in Palermo where he painted a   portrait   of   Wagener   only using 35 minutes. In 1883 he spent the summer in  Guernesy   making   fifteen   paintings in little more then a   month  , where many of the paintings were landscape paintings with themes like beaches, cliffs, bays, forests and   mountains. In 1890 he married Aline  Victorine   Charigot   which he already had got a child with in 1885. This made him paint many paintings of his wife and  daily   family life. Together they got three sons which of two went into the moving pictures industry, the film industry. In his later years he started getting major problems painting, he was  weal chair   bound, got progressive deformities in his hands and   alkalosis   in his right shoulder, but despite all this he still painted with a brush   strapped   to his paralyzed fingers. His art still  exists   today with two of his artworks sold for more then $70million, they are   Bal   au   moulin   de   la Galette and   Montmartre. Pissarro Camille  Pissarro   was born in Virgin Island in 1830 to a Jewish French father with   Portuguese   origin and mother, Rachel   Manzono   Pomie   who was a native of Danish Antilles. His Father sent Pissaro to Paris to go to a boarding school in  Passy. The free time  Pissarro   had from school he used on sketching the   countryside   and visiting museums. His father wants him to work in his  business  , but   Pissarro   does   n’t and flees together with Fritz   Melbye   to Venezuela where he stays two years, in 1855 his father gives up and lets him follow his dream to become a painter and is again sent to   Paris   to study painting. Pissarro  went to Swiss Academy where there was no real courses, but many artists work together and share ideas about painting, the other good thing about the academy was there were models who they could paint. At this time he paints  surroundings   of   Paris  , he is inspired by the style of Corot which he gets in contact with. It is now he starts landscape painting for real (1855) In 1859 he sent in his first painting to the annual salon which got accepted to be shown there and one year later he lives with Julie  Vellay   who together get eight children. Most of the years one or more of his paintings got accepted for the annual salon, but this  didn   't mean he always sold something, giving him financial problems with such a large family. At this time he painted very different from the other known  impressionist   painters like Monet and   Renori. He used colour modulation to show space  depth   while   being   accurate   on the composition of the painting. During the French-Persian war he stays in London, where he leaves behind all his paintings which most of his paintings got destroyed by the  Persians. After the war he again returns to  Pontoise   in   Paris   where   he stays for the next ten years. In 1872  Pissarro   starts a   collaboration   with Cé   zanne   who have known each other for more then ten years, together they help each other improving their   artistic   skills. In 1874 the first  Impressionist   exhibition   was held,   Parrisso   was the founder and teacher of the movement advising young artists and introducing them to each other, and   encouraging   them to join the   Impressionist   painting style which he had contributed to create. In 1882 he left  Pontoise   and sett in   Osny   not to fare away from   Pontoise  , here he started drawing more detailed landscape paintings such as market scenes and street scenes often with many   characters   , also he started making bigger difference in the   colours   used next to each other and used shorter brush strokes. Already in 1884 he again moved to  Eragny   where he now would settle for the rest of his life. Music in the Impressionism in general Music in the impressionism had somehow the same aim as the  impressionist   painters had, they wanted to create a music peace where the aim was to create a descriptive impression, this   didn   't   necessarily   mean to   give   a clear picture in a persons head, but rather create a mood or   atmosphere. To  achieve   that the   impressionist   musicians had to be very good at combining every aspect of music (Melody, harmony, colour, rhythm and form. The   Impressionists   often had melodies which were short and repeated in different ways to give different moods to the people listening to the music. When the   impressionist   musicians wanted to give "colour" to their music they did that with putting in notes in a scale system, unlike the traditional major to minor, they included pentatonic, whole tone or other exterior scales. In   impressionist   music harmony was playing a great role in the music, unlike the older music   chards   don't play such a big role in creating the theme of the music, the chords are rather used to give the colour and mood of the piece and are not used so much to build   tension   in the   music   .    Also the   impressionist   musicians gave   great   emphasis on the instrumental timbers which was supposed to create a slight vision of colour in the music, also   important   in   impressionist   music, just like the art was to avoid the traditional music, mainly Romanticism. Impressionism also  tries   to take distance from the traditional harmonic progression, instead   using   chords, valued   individually   instead of   seeing   them as one piece. Debussy Claude  Dabussy   was a French composer, trained at the Paris Conservatoire. He was  originally   planning to become a pianist, but changed his mind and became a composer. He had a special musical language which was very much French inspired. He  extended   the existing limits of harmony and form, with a   sophisticated   variation of them normal, this he did in both piano writings and orchestra writings. Debussey  was born in a low class family, this lead him to net getting school   education   in a normal way, and he was supposed to become a sailor, but Debussy had made an interest in music and his aunt paid for some piano lessons. After some lessons he started lessons with a person who had learned from Fré  deric   Chopin. With his new teacher he quickly made progress and at the young age of eleven he was accepted to learn at the Paris Conservatory, where he spent the next ten years. Here he came with what the teachers saw as absurd ideas, but always said "it's not the theory, you merely have to listen. Pleasure is law. He also studied traditional technique with the wish to get the highest honour, the  Prix   de   Rome. In 1884 after loads of compositions he   finally   got the honour   Prix   de   Rome with the piece called The Prodigal Son. He won the   honour   to go to Rome, something he actually hated from the very moment he got there. When he returned to Paris after three years in Rome he began composing music which would change music and get the audience to think about the music. His first composition in this new style "The Blessed Maiden" hinted to his new style where he looked at poetry and art for   inspiration   . By 1905 Debussy was famous over whole Europe for his new musical style.    His styles goal was to get the   audience   to experience what happened in the music instead of just listening to it. He wanted the audience to be able to  image   what happened and see a picture in their head instead of just enjoying the music. Ravel Maurice Ravel was born in France and already at the age of seven he began pl  aying   the piano and taking lessons. Five to six years later he was so good  playing   and understanding the piano that he started composing his own music for the piano. He parents saw the  potential   in their son and sent him to the   Conservatoire   de   Paris where he was supposed to practise his skills and learn from the best. He started out as a  prepatory   student, but later as he became better, he became a piano major. His teacher was Gabriel  Faur   é who he was   taught   from in 14 years. During his stay in the  Conservatuire   he like many other talents had the goal to get the   Prix   de   Rome, which meant he   numerous   times performed. Prix  de   Rome was never won by Ravel although one year he was the   clear   favourite for winning it, but a scandal happened which took from him his win, which made Ravel leave the   Conservatuire. He though continued composing music with main influences from American Jazz, Asian music and traditional folksong from Europe. He never included anything with  religious   matters because he himself was   believed   to be an atheist, this lead him to hate music from people like Richard   Wagener   who used religious themes in their music. During World war one Ravel was simply too old and had a to bad health to be able to fight for his country. This led him to  being   an ambulance driver through the war. In 1932 Ravel got hit in a car accident which only made his health worse, this lead him to taking a  neouro   operation in 1937 which turned out to fail and soon after he died. Vaughan  Williams Ralph Vaughan Williams was a famous English composer of his generation which learned to compose from many of the most famous composers of that time, this also including Maurice Ravel. He created in some way an idiom of specific English music. He was influenced by his interest in  folksongs  , but also put in his personal signature, with putting in his personal language and vision. Ralph Vaughan Williams lost his father in an early age and was left with only his mother to  take   care of him. He was never  poor   during his childhood and went to   Tirnity   College   where he studied history and music. He found music to be his drive and continued his school path in the Royal College of Music,  where   he worked together with people like John Parry, Wood and Stanford. In 1897 he  arrived   Adeline   Fiher  , but at the same year Vaughan travelled to Berlin to study with Max   Bruch   and   seeking   Ravel as a teacher. In 1903 he started his interest in English  folksongs  , collecting them and using their influence to him in his compositions. He started working in English Hymnal as an editor where he  further   developed his composing style, in this piece he want   beyond   editing  ,   introducing   several new hymn tunes. The most notable one  being   the Sine   nomine  , the tune for the hymn of all Saints. He continued his  remarkable   and strange compositions until world war one broke out and he had to fight for his nation. He served in the  medical   corps, where he became famous for organizing choral singing in the trenches. He during the war  slowly   climbed   up the ranks and at the end of the war he was an artillery officer. The war also effected his music which from then on was more dark then it was before the war, due to all the  terrible   stuff he had seen. The music though was still popular and well liked which lead him to continuing making music until he became 87  where   he died. Delius Fritz Theodor Albert Delius was born in England in 1862. He grew up in a family where music culture was on, this lead him to learning the violin and piano, getting great skills in both of them before he reached his teens. he went to Bradford Grammar school for four years before he want to the International collage in  London   for two years   before   he finally spent some years in his   fathers   business. Delius though  didn   't like the   business   life and   bagged   his parents to let him try a   career   in music. His parents in the end let in and sent him Florida, where he started piano lessons at Thomas Ward, which became an early influence in his music. Also the black peoples singing inspired Delius. Here he stayed for one and a half year before hem moved to  Verginia   with a confidence to teach music in his own right. He again asked his father for  permission   to go a step further in music, this time it was full music   education   he asked for, which his father gave in for and let him do. Delius studied two years at the Leipzig  Conservatorium  , but after these two years he had enough and left for   Paris   where he also went from producing small scale   instrumentals   and   orchestral   to making Operas like   Irmelin   (1890-2), The Magic Fountain (1894-5) and   Koanga   (1895-7), this though   didn   't mean he   stopped   with composing   orchestras   and   instrumentals   , but rather went to the larger production of them. During his stay in Paris Delius had little chance to  hear   his own music, it was not before 1897 in Oslo where he got to here his own music in   Folker   å   det  , seaming to like what he heard he   immediately   travelled to Germany for listening to the first   orchestral   work   played   in the country from his work which was "over the hills and far away" In 1901 he started his   career   peek   with   introducing   "A village Romeo and Julie" followed by   numerous   other   compositions   , this success lasted until after the war where after this it settled down again. During this time though he became very famous and well known for his good works. After (also during) the war his health started falling, he became almost blind and the use of his limbs started failing him so in 1928 he could no longer compose anymore music due to his bad health and six years later 1934 he died. He had though made it to make master pieces which still are known today. sources [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []